Satellite infrared sea-surface temperature (°C; nighttime only), averaged to 50 km and 1 week, for (a) July 3, 2008 (austral winter) and (b) January 3, 2008 (also Figure 4.1b in the textbook, where it appears in gray scale only). White is sea ice. Source: From NOAA NESDIS, (2009b).

Satellite infrared sea-surface temperature (°C; nighttime only), averaged to 50 km and 1 week, for (a) July 3, 2008 (austral winter) and (b) January 3, 2008 (also Figure 4.1b in the textbook, where it appears in gray scale only). White is sea ice. Source: From NOAA NESDIS, (2009b).

(a) Chlorophyll (mg m⁻³), (b) particulate organic carbon (POC; mg m⁻³), derived from SeaWiFS ocean color data, averaged May-August, 1997–2002, and (c) chlorophyll as % of POC. Source: From Gardner, Mishov, and Richardson, (2006).

Photosynthetically available radiation (PAR; Einsteins m⁻² day⁻¹) from the SeaWiFS satellite. Source: From NASA (2009b).